Milk-pasteurizing apparatus



Jan. 7, 1930., c. E. NoR'rH MILK PASTEURIZING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 29,1926 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Uvas* f.' /Vo/"zh W How/ru ATTORNEY Jan.7, 1930. c. E. NORTH 1,742,871

MILK PASTEURIZING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 29,v 192e 5 sheets-sheet 2 ill.

45 INVENTOR Chas. f. /Vorfh G1 ffl/vwd ATTORNEY Jan. 7, 1930. c. E.NORTH MILK PASTEURIZING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 29, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 3INVENTOR (has. E. /l/or/h ATTORNEY Jan. 7, 1930.

C. E. NORTH MILK PASTEURIZING APPARATUS Filed NOV. 29, 1926 5sneets4sheet 4 Jan. 7, 1930. c. E. NORTH MILK PASTEURIZING APPARATUS 5Sheets-Sheet Filed NOV. 29. 1926 Jia M Y .2 E T0 N W mf/WGW, I r A 5 dalm Y B 4 Patented Jan. 7, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENTv `oFFlCi:

CHARLES E. NORTH, OF MONTCLAIR., NEW JERSEY, ASSIG'NOR T0 THE, CBEAHEBYPACKAGE MFG. GOMIPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOISIMILK-PAST.'IUlEtIZI'IiI'Gy APPARATUS Application ledlovembcr 29, 1926.Seal No. 151,362.`

In the process of pasteurization of milk the step called holding referst-o the storage or keeping of heated milk for a definite'iperiod of timeat a specified temperature. For example,

Where by law the term pasteurizatio'n is de-y fined as the heating ofmilk to a minimum temperature of 142 F. for a minimum time of 30 minutesthe time is commonly referred to as the holding time and the apparatusin which the milk is contained. during that period is called the holder'There have been many types of apparatus placed on the market as suchholders, including tanks of cylindrical, squareand obll long form,-vertical and horizontal in osition, single or in series. In some casesmi k is first heated by heaters, and then stored in holders. In othercases it is both heatedand held in the same holder,

Numerous faults have been found by -bacteriologists and engineers withall equipments produced .up to this time as known to me. The purpose ofthe process of pasteurization is the destruction by heat of the germs ofdisease. These germs are found at ytimes in the raw milk beforetreatment. After treatment in the holder the product should be free fromany living disease germs. The purpose of the process is, therefore,defeated if the disease germs arevnot killed or if after a propertreatment the product is again contaminated by contact with untreatedmilk.

The objections to all previous equipments may be divided into twoclasses Class I. Failure to kill disease germs because of (a) Loss oftemperature during holding period.

(b) Loss of time during holding period.

(c) Formation of foam on the surface of milk (which resists heat).

(d) Formation of scum or pellicle on said surface.

(e) Contact of milk with cold air during holding period.

Class II. Contamination of product Iby contact with untreated milk by(a) Use of the same opening or valve for lo inlet and outlet of holder.

(b) Leakage or drip of milk into holder from inlet valve or pipe. (c)Leakage of unheld valve or pipe.

(d) Cross-over or short circuit ofmilkfrom inlet to outlet.

(e) Dead ends or pockets of untreated or unheated milk.

The bacteriologists have specified the temperature and time necessary tokill disease germs. They also are trained to recognize contaminationsand their causes. The engineers have as their function the production ofmachinery that will fulfill the bacteriolo 'sts specifications. But upto this time suc cooperation has not been complete enough to produce anypasteuri'zi'ng equipment which is free from one or more of the faults inthe classes above mentioned. l. l

The object of the invention herein described is to heat and hold milk inthe process of pasteurization free from any of the faults-in the listsof the two classes above mentioned.

The majority of the holding equipments consist of tanks or vats orpockets grouped 75 so as to operate in series. There is commonly aholding period of 30 minutes after any sinmilk into outlet gle tank orvat or pocket is filled with milk.

In addition to this there is a time allowance for filling and foremptying of holders. The filling and emptying of holders can be madeuniform and a part of the operation of a continuous process either bycontrolling the flow of milk by hand or by an automatic mechanicaldevice. To do this the common practice is to equip each holder with anin- Y i let pipe and valve and an outlet pipe and valve. The milk isreceived into the holder through the inletfpipe when the inlet valve isopened either manually or by some mechanical device. The milk flows fromthe holder through an outlet pipe when the outlet valve is opened inlike manner. i

Holders of the tank or vat or pockettype are frequently arranged ingroups of from 5 to 7 units. In a 7 tank system there -will be v onetank filling while one tank is emptying and While 5 tanks are full ofmilk. This system allows a 'period of 'minutes for filling 100unpasteurized milk.

inlet valves, and 7 outlet pipes an 7 outlet valves, a. total of 14pipes and 14 valves. This multi lication of pipes and valves makescertain tlie occurrence of leakage and drips that will contaminate thepasteurized milk with The leakages and dri s of unpasteurized milk aredue to the fact t at pipes .and valves have been attached to the tanksin a fixed manner. This permanent attachment provides the means forcontaminating the pasteurized milk with unpasteurized milk. Instead ofthe aforesaid number of inlet pipes and valves attached to the vats Iuse a single detached inlet pipe which is movable and which operatesfrom vat to vat, dipping itself into and out of each vat and lil ingeach vat in turn. Also, instead of the aforesaid number of outlet pipesand valves attached to the vats I use a single detached and movableoutlet pipe which operates from vat to vat and empties each vat in itsturn. No control valves in such pipes are required in my method.Leakages and drips from pipes and valves into and from the chargedholders are entirely eliminated by my invention and consequentcontamination avoided.

In accordance with my invention the containers or vats during theholding period are entirely isolated and free from contact with eitherinlet or outlet pipes and valves. For example, a covered glass linedsteel container or tank can be used which is entirely smooth on itsinner surface without any openings or connections whatever. There deadends and pockets cannot exist and no leaka es are possible either inwardor outward. lid can be made to cover the top of all the containers ortanks and the supply and discharge or inlet and outlet pipes may beenclosed within an upright cylinder or dome of metal above the cover.These lids or covers can be made detachable and so as to in no wayinterfere withl the movement of the inlet and outlet pipes.

The vertical movements of the inlet and outlet ipes, upward anddownward, are provided or by making the connections with the inlet anddischarge Amilk lines either of Hexible tubing or of metal piping withmovable joints.

The formation of froth or foam on the surface of milk is objectionablebecause the abundance of air in the bubbles of milk acts as aninsulation material which prevents the heating of the mixture to thepasteurizing temperature. Consequently, foam or suds usually have atemperature below the pasteurizing standard and often this is within thezone where conditions are most favorable cur if the milk is dischargedfrom above into the top of the tanks and allowed to splash into thebottom carrying much air into the tanks and into the milk as it isdeposited. This splashing of milk into tanks often creates a layer offoam which has a thickness 'of from 3 to 12 inches onv the such tanks. v

In accordance with my invention the formationv of foamon the milk isentirel prevented. The milk supply pipe deseen s vertically until itsinlet arm or branch is lowered into the container or tank so far thatits lower end is, say, within 1A inch of the bottom of the container.The inlet pipe is kept filled full of milk from the source of supply bygravity or by a pressure pump. The iow of milk through both the inletand outlet pipes takes place only when they have been lowered as far aspracticable into the containers or tanks. Such flow may be made to startand stop automatically by the operation of the pipes in their verticalmovements. Mo-

tors operating the milk pumps may be operated by an electric current insuch a way that the circuits are closed and opened at the proper timesby the descent and ascent of the ipes.

T e formation of a pellicle of dried milk or a dry scum on the surfaceof the milk in the containers or tanks occurs when the air above thesurfaceof the milk is colder' than the milk itself or when the air isnot saturated with moisture. Such scum or pellicle is not pasteurizcd asit is cooler than the milk. Many tests have shown that it shelters bac-.teria and makes impossible an efficient pasteurizing process. This canbe prevented bv keeping the air in the containers or tanks and withintheir cover and dome hotter than the body. of the milk. This Iaccomplish by thel injection of steam into the top of the colitainer ortank and into the dome or by hot steam pipes fixed to the upper edges ofthe container and around the inner surface of the dome for heating thecontained air by radiation. It is also practicable to blow hot air intothe space under the cover and within the dome from an outside hot airsupply.

The heating of the air within the dome to surface of the milk in.

a temperature above that of the milk serves may pass through ing thepasteurizing operation. Consequently, the surfaces of the portion ofthese branches or arms that go below the level of the milk in the tanksare constantly moistened with milk. It is important, therefore," thatthere should be no contamination of these moist surfaces by outside airand that also their surface should be kept hot enough to prevent anyincrease in the number of bacteria. The heating of the air in the dometo, for example, 180 F. will effectively aci complish these purposes.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated forms of apparatusadapted for carrying out my invention, wherein Fig. l is a partlysectional side elevation of a pasteurizing apparatus embodying myinvention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional detail of modied means' for heating the milkholder;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail central section through Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a partly sectional elevation of a modiiication 1 Fig. 5 is asectional detail of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a modification;

Fig. 6a is a sectional detail of part of Fig. 6;

Fig. 7 is a sectional detail of'a further modification and Fig. 8 is asectional detail of part of Fig. 1. t

Simliar numerals of reference indlcate corresponding parts in theseveral views.

The numeral 1 Iindicates a milk holder of the pasteurizer showncomprising an annular shell or casing having radially disposedpartitions 2 providing spaced open top containers or tanks 3 annularlydisposed. The holder 1 is enclosed within an outer casing 4 spacedtherefrom, which is provided with aremovable cover 5, whereby the milkholder 1s tlghtly enclosed. A space at 6 is provided `between the holderl and the shell 'or casing 4 providing means for maintaining the holderat a desired pasteurizing temperature. Free steam may be admitted intothe chamber 6 through pipe 7, and at 8 1s an outlet pipe Jfor the steam.Such steam may pass .over the top of the holder 1 to be above the mllktherein. Instead of tree steam being provided 1n the heating chamber 6the inlet steam pipe the chamber 6 in the form of a coil atl 7EL incommunication with the 'steam outlet pipe 8, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

The holder and casing 4 may be supported in any desired way as uponbeams a. The hot pipe in chamber 6 heats the air by radlatlon andconduction over the milk in the holderLl. T he holder 1 is provided witha centrally disposed cylindrical chamber 9, shown tormed by an annularwall l0 from which the walls 2 radiate to the outer At 11 is a supplypipe for the milk through which the milk may be forced by pressure froma pump 12, as indicated in Figs. 1 and wall 1a of the holder.v

or the milk may flow by gravity from an 4 elevated tank, (not shown) inthe form shown y in Figs. 6 and 7. A pipe 13 receives the milk from pipe11 and delivers the milk through a branch pipe 14 into the compartmentsor tanks3 of the holder in a successive manner, as illustrated in Figs.1 and 6, where the pipe v13 is concentrically disposed with respect, tothe vertical axis of milk holder 1, or the pipe 13 may deliver the milkdirectly into the holder where the pipe 1.3 is disposed eccentricallywith respect to the holder, as in Figs. 4 and 7. The milk may be heatedto desired pasteurizingI temperature in any suitable heater beforepassing through the pipes 11 and 13 to holder 1. An outlet pipe 15 forthe milk from the holder, which pipe is not in communication with thesupply piping, is shown provided in Figs. 1l and 6 with a branch pipe 16to dip into the containers in the holder when the pipe 15 is concentricwith the axis of the holder, and in the form shown in Figs. 4 and 7 theoutlet pipe 15 is eccentrically disposed with respect to the holder toenter the containers or tanks 3. Pipes 13 and` 15, and the branch pipeswhen used, are adapted to be raised and lowered with respect to theholder. The pipes 13 and 15 are shown provided with fittings, such as Tsor elbows 17, 18, and an interposed imperforate connector 19, in Figs.1, 3 and 6, whereby such piping will operate together as a unit.Relative motion is provided between the milk delivery and outlet kpipesand the holder whereby the pipes will enter and recede from thecompartments ofthe holderV successively.

In the form shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 6 the pipes 13 and 15 are rotativerespecting the -miik holder 1 in a successive manner to step theirbranches 14 and 16 successively respecting the containers or tanks 3 andare brought to rest periodically, whereby the branches are lowered intoand lifted from the containers or tanks foreach charge of milk to bedeposited for pasteurization and for eachY pasteurized charge to bedischarged from the holder. In the example illustrated the pipe 15 isprovided with a gear 20 in mesh with a gear 21 secured on a shaft 22which may be journaled in any suitable way, as in a bearing 23. As shownin detail in Fig. 3, the gear 2() comprises a hub portion 2()a whichextends upwardly within ank annular collar or flange 4b depending fromthe lower `surface of the bottom Wall 4a of the casing 4. This hubportion 20a is annularly grooved as indicated at 2Gb, andreduced-diameter portions ot screws 4 extend into such groove. Thescrews 4c are inserted in screw-threaded openings therefor in thedepending flange In this manner the gear 20'is secured against verticalmovement with respect to the casing 4, which is stationary, but ispermitted to rotate about its vertical axis with the walls of the groove20b passing freely by the reduceddiameter portions of the screws 4c. Inorder to cause the pipes and 13 and the parts that are secured theretoto rotate with the gear 20, but to permit said pipes and associatedparts to move vertically while the gear is immovable vertically, thebore of the hub portion 20 of said gear is-slotted longitudinally toform a key-way for receiving a key 20c. The outside of the pipe 15 islikewise slotted to form a key-way 15, which is of suilicient length toaccommodate the full range of movement of the vertically movable parts,and which is of the proper width and depth to receive, in freelyslidable relation, the portion of the key 20c which projects inwardlyfrom the bore of the ear hub portion 20. The key 20 is fixedg againstvertical' displacement with respect to the gear 20 by a machine screw20d which is screwed into a properly located and threaded hole in thebottom of said gear so that the head of said screw engages a beveledcorner of said key, as shown. With this construction, the key 20 maybeinserted and removedwhile the pipe 15 is in place within the gear 20,simply by removing the screw 20".

Figs. 1 and 6 illustrate means for rotating the pipes 13 and 15 step bystep in timed relation to the pasfeurization period, such meanscomprising a mem-ber 24 of a Geneva movement secured upon shaft 22, anarm 25 having a pin or projection 26 being adapted to actuate the member23 in a well known way. Arm 25 is secured upon shaft 27 which may besupported and rotated in any desired manner, such as continuously, by asuitable rime mover, such as an electric motor.

eans are provided for raisin and lowering the pipes 13 and 15, withtheir branches 14 and 16 when the latter are used, said pipes beingshown supported by a flexible connection, such as a rope 28, passingover idle pul- V levs 29 and 30 supported in any desired way, `whichrope is shown attached to an ,arm 31 which may be journaled upon shaft31* and is provided with a projection or pin 32 c oo erative with a cam33 secured on shaft 27.

he timing is such, with reference to Figs.

1 and 6, that when the pipes are lowered the branches 14 and 16 willdescend into adjacent containers' or tanks of holder 1, preferably nearto the bottom thereof, and thereupon milk will flow through pipe 13 andbranch 14 into one of the tanks and pasteurized milk will flow out ofthe adjacent tank through branch 16 and thence ,into the outlet pipe 15.x

In the form shown in Figs. 4 and 7 vpipes 13 and 15 are raised andlowered but do not rotate. In these forms the holder 1 is rotativeclockwise as illustrated, and since the pipes.13 and 15 are locatedeccentrically with respect to the axis of the holder said pipes l may belowered into and raised from the containers or tanks `of the holder inproper timing periods. In this form of apparatus the holder 1 is shownprovided with an annular bearing 1" at its bottom rotatively guided upona suitable gasket or wear piece 46, shown supported upon the bottom 4'Aof casingr 4,

et forth. The rope 28 is attached to pipe l? for raising and loweringthe latter as well as the pipe 15 to cause the appropriate pipes toenter and recede from separate containers, and the branch pipes 14 and16, when used.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 4 the pipe 11 is of the flexible variety, suchas a flexible hose. connected with milk supply pump 12, and the drainpipe 45 is also of the flexible variety connected to a milk dischargepum 47. In Figs. 1 and 3 the pipes 11 and 13 an the pipes 15 and 45 areconnected by a packed swivel joint 45a to permit rotation of pipes 13and 15. The pumps 12 and 47 are to be started and stopped coincidentlywith the descent of the pipes 13 and 15 and the rising of the same fromthe holding tank with the branches 14 and 16 when used. Any suitablemeans may be provided for controlling the operation ofthe pumps. I haveillustrated an electric motor 48 coupled to the drive shaft of pump 12,and an electric motor 49 connected with the drive-shaft of dischargepump 47, said motors beingincluded'in series in an electrical circuit.AIn the form shown in Fig.' 1 one branch 50 of the circuit is providedwith a spring Contact 51 adapted. to be engaged by a contact 52 that isshown se cured to and insulated from pipe` 15, the branch 53 of thecircuit being connected with the contact 52, the other branch 54 of thecircuit being shown connected to motor 48, branch 55 connecting said`motors. The branches 53 and 54 are adapted to be connected with a sourceof electric current in any desired way. In the form shown in Fig. 4 thecontact 51 is maintained in position to be engaged by the Contact 52that is shown carried by the part 19 and is insulated therefrom. Thebranch 53* from contact 52 is shown connected with motor 48, and thebranch 50' l circuit will be closed at 51 and 52, as illustrated in Fig.1, whereupon the pumps 12 and 47 will be operated to cause charge of onetank and discharge of the other. As s oon as said tanks have' beenrespectively charged and discharged the pipes 13 and 15 will rise andthereupon the electric circuit will be broken to cause the pumps tocease operating during the change of position of the pipes andholderrelatively to one another.

As shown in Figs. 6 land 7 means are provided where by the milk willllow through branch 16 and pipe 15 by means of siphonic action, thevarrangement for such purpose being shown as follows: at the ends ofbranches 14 and 16 in Fig. 6 and at the ends of theV pipes 13 and 15 inFig. 7, are respectively located vahe 34 having a stem 34 depending fromthe pipe in position to en age the bottom of the holder 1, fitting 35eing located at the end `of the pipe and having an outlet opening 35acontrolledby'cthe valve, (Fig. 6). The valves act, when upon their seatsat the bottoms of the fittings 35, to retain milk in the branches orther pipes, and when the valves'are lifted by contact with the bottom ofthe holder upon the descent of the pipes therein, the flow of milk canoccur. A milk supply'cylinder above the holder is indicated at 36,(Figs. 61 and 7), which is attached to pipe 13 so as Ito be raised andlowered there- Y with, the rope 28supporting said cylinder.

-Within the cylinder is a tube 37, secured to the Walls of the cylinderas by arms 38, and

-. the lower end of said tube is spaced a short .36ccarried by rope 28.

distance above the bottom of the cylinder. The depending portion 11n ofsupply pipe 11 is within the tube 37 whereby the latter is guided andthe lower end of the portion 11l J of the supply pipe .is close to thebottom of cylinder 36 when the latter is raised, whereby they milk fromthe supply pipe will flow through tube 37 into the cylinder. A iloatvalve at 39 is fitted against the seat at the outlet 36 at the bottom ofcylinder 36, the

stem 39L of saidvalve being guided Within the pipe 13. Float 39 is ofsuch a character as to float Iin milk and will close against seat 36a toprevent the entrance of air into pipe 13.

' The connection between cylinder 36 and pipe 13, in Fig. 6, is suchthat said cylinder and pipe will rotate together, las by being joinedtogether, the cylinder being supported on a suitable bushing 36,supported by a frame The lower end of pipe 15 is slidable in a tube 40secured in a cylinder 41 by arms 42, that i's located below the holderand is suitably secured. The lower end of tube 40 is at a short distancevalve 44 whose stem 44a is guided in a milk discharge tube 45.

The pipe 15 and its branch 16, when the.

latter is used, are charged with milk lwhich is retained by the weightof the milk upon the corresponding valve 34. One of the contain- `ers ortanks 3 will be charged with milk and then the pipes will be lowered sothat the pipe 15 and its inlet end or its branch 16 will be lowered intosaid milk and a supply of milk will be charged into the adjacent tank 3.The pipes will remain in this position during the filling and emptyingperiod, paste'urization meanwhile occurring in the other compartments.

When a charge ina tank 3 has been pasleurized the pipes will again belowered and thereupon the valve 34 of pipe 15 or its branch 16 will beraised by contact of its stem with the bottom of the holder and the milkwill be siphoned oi through drain pipe 45, the milk flowing into thecylinder 41 rom ipe 15 and being distributed therein near its ottom insuch a way as not to foam, and upon the descent of such pipes the ,valve35 of the supply pipe 13, or its branch 14, by engaging the bottom ofthe holder, will permit a supply of milk to flow into the tank 3 that isadjacent to or in advance of the another tank charged with milk to bepasteurized the piping referred to will be raised from the tanks androtated astep, counterclockwise as illustrated in Fig. 6, so that theoutlet 15 or its branch 16 at thenext descent will venter a tankcontaining pasteurized-milk to be emptied, and the pipe 13 or its branch14 will enter a tank previously emptied. Since there are severalcontainers 3 arranged in annular series the periodv of holding milk fromthe time it is charged into an empty tank until it is discharged will besuch that the milk will be held underv the pasteuriz'ation temperaturefor the desiredperiod of time.

It will be understood that the milk in each compartment of the holder ismaintained at a desired pasteurization temperature, say, 142 F. for arequiredv period of time, say,

thirty minutes. In other words, the operay tion of the Geneva movementand thelever 31 is such that pipes 13 and 15 with their branches will belowered and retained in their lowered positions for the time required,for example about five minutes, and then will be quickly raised androtated a step to be transferred to another set of compartments, or theholder will be rotated a step relatively to the pipes, and so on. Duringthe time that the pipes are lowered milk will flow from pipe 13 into oneof the tanks, and simultaneously milk will be discharged from anothertank through the branch 16 and pipe 15.

In order to prevent contamination `of the milk and to keep the parts ofpipes 13 and 15, or the branch pipes 14 and 16', that contact with milkin the holder out of contact with l stances I provide dome 56 that issecured upon and rises from the cover 5 ofthe holder and has a closedtop at 57 Where the branch pipes are used, as' in Figs. 1 and 6, theyare so located as to be within and rotected by the dome 56, and theLpipe 13 is sli ably guided through the to 57 of the .dome by means of asuitable st ng box, as indicated at 58. Where the pipes 13 and 15operate directly into the containers or tanks 3 of the milkho1der,`without the use of branch pipes, the ipes 13 and 15 are bothslidable in stuing xes 58 on the top of the dome. By the means describedno portion of the supply and discharge pipes that enter the milk willcome in Contact with external atmosphere or germs that'may be floatingtherein.. Ste-.ini or hot air from chamber 6 will pass over the top ofholder 1 into containers 3, (Fig. 8), and into dome 56, thus heating theinterior of the dome to a temperature hotter than the lmilk in theholder.

In accordance with the constructions set forth the advantageous featureshereinbefore referred to may be carried out for the pasteurization ofmilk in a continuous inanner. An advantage is that there is no chancefor dripping of milkthatis unpasteurized into milk that is to be or hasbeen pasteurized,

as there are no valves to be operated to control the supply or dischargein such a position that contamination of'thel milk pasteurized or to bepasteurized can occur, it being noted that the fresh milk flowingthrough the supp1 pipe 13 can never come in contact with ot er milk thathas been treated in the milk holder. It also will be noted that there isno external air vto be carried by or with the inflowing milk into theholder, and the milk is deposited in the holder at the bottom thereof sothat foaming of the milk is prevented, and thereby the advantage isattained of preventing improper pasteurization of the milk due to foam.It will be noted that an advantage of my invention is that the contain-vers or tanks 3 are charged with milk and discharged through their topsby means of the pipes inserted in and removed therefrom through saidtops without requiring or having an supply or discharge pipes leadingthroug the side Walls or the bottomfof the holder, whereby contaminationof pasteurized f milk by unpasteurized milk through leakage isprevented. The advantage of having the supply and discharge pipes withinthe dome that is internally heated by steam or hot air is that milk thatadheres to said pipes within the dome will be pasteurized by said steamor hot air. f i

Having now described my invention what I claim is y y 1. A milkpasteurizing apparatus conlprising a seriesof containers having open topportions, means separate from the containers to charge the latter,andmeans of sufficient through their upper open the containers throughtheir upper open portions. v

2. A milk pasteurizing ap aratus as set forth in claim 1, provided witadome over the containers enclosing the means to charge and dischar ethe same.

3. A mi pasteurizing apparatus com'` prising a series of containershaving open top portions, means vse arate from the containers to chargeand ,ischarge the Acontainers ortions, and a dome over the'containersenclos'ing the means to charge and discharge the same so as toeffectively protect saidmeans from contamination from without.

4. A asteurizing apparatus comprising a` series o containers,meansseparate from the containers to charge the samemeanssepa` rate fromthe containers to discharge the same, and devices to cause saiddischarge means to enter and recede from separate containers in theseries.

5. A milk pasteurizing apparat-us comprismg a series of spacedcontainers having open top portions, a milk supply pipe and a dischargepipe adapted to enter the open top portions of the containers, means tocause the pipes to. enter and recede from the containers, and means formoving the pipes and the containers relatively to one another forsuccessively positioning the pipes over containers.

6. A pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of containers, singlemilk supply means separate from the containers, single discharge meansfor the pasteurized milk separate from the containers, devices to causesaid discharge means to enter and recede from! separate containers, andmeans to move said supply and discharge means and said containersrelatively one to another for successively positioning them for chargingand discharging the containers. i s

7'. A pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of containers, asupply' pipe separate from the containers to enter the lattersuccessively, a discharge pipe, separatel from the containers tosuccessively 4enter containers, means spacing said'pipes correspondingto the containers to entery different containers,-`

means to cause the pipes to enter and recede from the containers, andmeans to move the pipes and the containers relatively one to another forsuccessively positioning the pipes over adjacent containers. y

8,. A milk pasteurizing apparatus cornprising a series of containers, amilk supply pipe and a discharge pipe, and means to insert said pipesinto and remove them successively from different containers atdetermined periods.

9. A milk pasteurizing apparatus as setforth infclaim 8, provided withmeans to simultaneously charge' one container and Ad ischarge anothercontainer. I

10. A milk pasteurizing apparatus com-l prising a series 'of `containershaving open top portions, a milk supply pipe and a discharge pipe spacedto enter separate containers, means to lower the pipes` into saidcontainers in positions adjacent to the bottoms of the containers tocharge milk into and diS- charge pasteurized milk from the bottomportions of the containers through said open top portions, and meansv tocause relative movement between the containers and the pipes forsuccessive charging and discharging of the containers.

11. A milk pasteurizing apparatus as set forth in claim 10, providedwith a dome enclosing the portions of the pipes that enter thecontainers.

12. A milk pastcuring apparatus comprising a series of containers, apair of pipes spaced to enter some of the containers simultaneously,said pipes having no communication between them, means to advance thepipes into spaced containers for charging one container and discharginganother and for removing the pipes from the containers, and

means for moving the pipes and the containers relatively to one anotherfor positioning the pipes over containers.

13. A milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of containers, asupply pipe for milk and a discharge pipe for pasteurized milk spacedapart in position to be within spaced containers simultaneously, andmeans to enter said pipes into the spaced containers, to cause chargingof an empty container and discharging of a charged containersimultaneously.

14. A milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of spacedcontainers, a supply pipe and a discharge pipe connected together andhaving no communication with one another adapted to enter separatecontainers simultaneously, means to simultaneously move said pipes intoand from the containers, and means for moving said pipes and saidcontainers relatively one to another for successively positioning thepipes over the containers.

15. A milk pasteurizing apparatus as set forth, in claim 14, providedwith a dome enclosing theportions of the pipes that enter thecontainers.

16. A milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of containers, asupply pipe and a discharge pipe spaced apart to enterdifferentcontainers and having no communication therebetween, a cylindercommunicatin with and connected to the supply pipe and having a floatvalve at the point of communication, and a pipe to deliver milk into thecylinder, the sup ly pipe having a valve at its outlet end to e closedby theweight of milk in the pipe, the discharge pipe havinga valve atits milk receiving end to he closed y the weight of milk in the pipe,said pipe having a portion above the containers and a portion below thecontainers for siphoning milk therefrom.

17. A milk pasteurizing apparatus oomprising a series of containers, asupply pipe and a discharge pipe spaced apart to enter differentcontainers and having no communication therebetween, a cylindercommunicaring with and connected to the supply pipe and ha ving a floatvalve at the point of communication, and a pipe to deliver milk into thecylinder, the supply pipe having a valve at its outlet end to be closedby the weight of milk in the pipe, the discharge pipe having a valve atits milk receiving lend to be closed by the weight of milk in the pipe,said pipe having a portion above the containers and a portion below thecontainers for siphoning milk therefrom, a cylinder receiving the lowerend of the. outlet pipe and having a discharge outlet and a float valvecontrolling said outlet, the cylinders being spaced so that when thesupply pipe is out of the container the outlet end of the third namedpipe will be near the bottom ofthefirstnamed cylinder and the outlet endof the discharge pipe will be near the top of the second named cylinder.y

18. A` milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a milk holder including aseries of spaced containers and having an axial chamber, a milk supplypipe and a discharge pipe axially disposed with respect to said chamber,the supply pipe havin a branch and the outlet pipe having a branc thebranches being spaced and adapted to enter different containers, meansconnecting the delivery and outlet pipes Without communicationtherebetween, means to raise and lower said pipes, means to rotate saidpipes when raised from the containers for causing the branch pipes toenter the containers successively, and

means to' cause milk to flow through the supply pipe into the containersand through the discharge pipe from the containers.

19. A milk pasteurizing apparatus as set forth in claim 18, in which thedischarge end of the supply pipe and the milk receivingy end of the'outlet pipe are provided with valves to retain milk in the pipes whenthe latter are raised from the milk-flowing position in the containers;

Q0. A milk pasteurizing apparat-us comprising a series of spacedcontainers having open top portions, a supply pipe and a discharge pipeadapted to enter the open top portions of the containers, means to'cause the pipesl to enter and recede from the containers, means formoving said pipes and said containers relatively one to another forsuccessivelycpositioning the pipes over containers, a pump to supplymilkthrough the supthe discharge pipe, means to operate said isc pumps,and means to cause starting of both pumps when the supply and dischargepipes have reached the supply and discharge positions in theirrespective containers and to stop the pumps when the supply anddischarge pipes are out of their respective containers.

21. A milk pasteurizing apparatus as set forth in claiin 20, providedwith a dome enclosing portions of the pipes that enter the containers.

A anilk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of spaced containershaving open top portions, a supply pipe and a discharge pipe adapted toenter the open top portions of the containers. means to cause the pipesto enter and recede from the containers, and means to rotate the pipesrelatively to saidcontainers.

23. A milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of spacedcontainers having open top portions, a supply ipe and a discharge pipeadapted to enter t e open top portions Vof the containers, means tocause the pipes to enter and recede from the containers, means to rotatethe pipes relatively to -said containers, a pump `to supply milk throughthe supply pipe, a pump to discharge milk through the discharge pipe,means to operate said pumps, and means tocause starting of both pumpswhen the supply and discharge pipes have reached the supply anddischarge positions in their respective conf tainers and to stop thepumps when the supply and discharge pipes are out of their respectivecontainers.

24. A milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of spacedcontainers having open top portions, a supply. pipe and a discharge pipeadapted to enter the open top portions of the containers, means to causethe pipes to enter and recede from the containers, means to move saidpipes and the containers relatively one to another, a pump to supplymilk through the supply pipe, a pump to discharge milk through thedischarge pipe, means to operate said pumps, and means to cause startingof both pumps when the supply and discharge pipes have reached thesupply and discharge positions in their respective containers and tostop the pumps when the supply and discharge pipes are out of theirrespective containers.

25. A milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of chambers, amilk supply pipe and a discharge pipe, and means to insert said pipesinto and remove them successively from different chambers atpredetermined periods.

26. A milk pasteurizing apparatus comprising a series of chambers, asupply pipe or milk and a discharge pipe for pasteurized milk spacedapart in position to be within spaced chambers simultaneously and meansto enter said pipes into the spaced chambers, to cause charging of anempty chamber and discharging of a charged chambers and emptying theother chamber.

28. In a pasteurizing apparatus, a plurality of holding chambers. achamber-emptying member, a chamber-filling member, said membersbeing'jointly operable, means for revolving said members with respect tothe chambers, and means for lowering and raising said members into andout of the heated areas of a pair of said .chambers Well Within saidchambers.

29. In a pasteurizing apparatus, a plurality of holding chambers, achamber emptying member, a chamber llin member, said members beingjointly opera le, means for intermittently turning said members from aposition over one pair of chambers to an advanced position over anotherchamber and one of the'chambers in the last pair, and means for loweringand raising said members into and out of the innerlheated areas of apair of chambers between intermittent turning' movements.

30. In a pasteurizing apparatus, a central member, means for turningsaid central member, means for moving said central member vertically, aplurality of holding chambers grouped about said central meinber, achamber filling arm carried by said central member and extendinglaterally therefrom, and a chamber emptyingl arm carried by said centralmember and extending laterally therefrom and angularly separated fromsaid chamber filling arm,said arms having open outer end portions andbeing adapted to simultaneously enter and operate on adjacent chamberswith t-lie outer end portions entirely within the body portions of saidchambers.

31. In a pasteurizing apparatus, a central member, means forintermittently tui-ning l Said central member, means for moving saidcentral member vertically between intermittent turning movements, aplurality of stationary holding chambers grouped about" said centralmember, a valve controlled chamber filling arm carried by said centralmember and extending laterally therefrom, and a valve 'controlledchamber emptying aim carried said central member and extending laterallytherefrom and angularly separated from said chamber filling arm, saidarms, when in al lowered position, making an interior operativeconnection with a pair of adjacent chambers.

32. In a pasteurizing apparatus, an elongated tubular central memberhaving a discharge passageway therethrough, means for vjacketed liquidhol in intermittently turning said central member, means'for moving saidcentral member vertically between intermittent turning movements, asupply chamber mounted at the upper end portion of said central-member,a P groupe Aabout said central member', a tubular valve controlledchamber filling arm carrie by said central member and connected withsaid supply chamber, and a tubular valve e011-, trolled chamber emptyingarm also carried by .said centralmember and in connection withsaiddischarge passagewa and disposed at an angle with respect to the lingarm, said arms when in a lowered position making aninterior operativeconnection with apair of `l adjacent chambers. e

s 33. In a pasteurizing apparatus, aseries of jacketed holdin Ichambers, tubes for fillin and emptying t e chambers, and mechanicameans for intermittentl .inserting said tubes into pairs of the cham `Ars and making operative interior connections directly with the lowerortions of said chambers in apredetermin timeand sequence.

34. In a 'pasturizin apparatus, a series of chambers, simultaneouslyoperating 'tu s for filling and emptying a pair of said chambers,mechanical means for intermittently inserting said -tubes into pairs ofvchambers in a predetermined timeI and uence, and means for introducingheated air directly into a chamber being emptied of its liquid.

35. In a pasteurizing apparatus, a plurality ofv holdin tanks, a tankemptyingemember, a tank member, said mem rsbeing jointly opera le, meansfor intermittently res volving said members with respect to .the tanks,and means for lowering and ral said members deeply into and out of apair o tanks between intermittently revoluble mo'vements.

36. In a pasteurizing a paratus a plurality of insulated holding ta atanlr emptying member, a tank fillin member, said members being jointlyoperab e, means'forA intermittently revolving saidmembers with respectto the tanks, means for lowering said members into and outof a paroftanks uralitl of stationary holding chambers;

d to the tank ing elntied.

38. In a pasteurizing apparatus, a pluraloperated tubular armssuccessively movable into and out of pairs. of said tanks for fillingone of a pair of tanks and emptying the other tank, an meansor'accommodating a transfer of atmos here from the tank being filled CRLES E. NORTH.

between intermittent revoluble ;movements and means for supplying awarm" atmosphere to idltanks. mm1

n a pasteurizing ap aratus,-a p ity of insulated neming' a tank emptyingmember, a tank filling -mem'ber,sa1d members being jointly operable,means for intermittently revolving said members with respect .to thetanks, means for lowering and rais' lsaid members into and out of apairof ta between intermittent revoluble movea common enclosure for saidtanks where y-the'atmosphere in a tank that is-bemgelled may be'transferred toatank thatis ing emptied ityy of liquid holding tanks,mechanically j

